World Openness Report 2021-Institute of World Economics and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Figure 3-1	World Openness Index, 2008-2019
Figure 3-2	Openness Index, 2008-2019: the 10 Economies with Largerst Change in the Ranking and G20 Members
Figure 3-3	Changes in Openness Ranking from 2008 to 2019: 129 National Economies
Figure 3-4	Openness Index, 2008-2019: G20 and the World
Figure 3-5	Openness Index, 2008-2019: Advanced Economies and Emerging economies of G20
Figure 3-6	Openness Index and Its Places in Ranking, 2008- 2019: United States
Figure 3-7	Openness Index, 2008-2019: United States, G20 and It Advanced Members, and the World
Figure 3-8	Openness Index and Its Place in Ranking, 2008-2019: China
Figure 3-9	Openness Index, 2008-2019: China, United States, G20 and Its Advanced Economies and Emerging Economies, and the World
Figure 3-10	Openness Index, 2008-2019: Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa, North America, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa
Figure 3-11	Openness and Economic Development, 2018: 129 National Economies
Figure 3-12	Openness and GDP Per Capita,by income groups, 2008-2019
Figure 3-13	Openness and Size of National Economy, 2018
Figure 3-14	Openness and Economic Size, 2018, by Three Categories of Sizes
Figure 4-1	Evolution of World Trade, 1950-2020
Figure 4-2	Globalization index
Figure 5-1	Evolution of Regional Trade Agreements in the World, 1948-2021
Figure 6-1	Weighted average applied tariff rate of all products, 1994-2017
Figure 6-2	Economies with the greatest achievements in investment liberalization reform
Figure 6-3	Development of Special Economic Zones
Figure 6-4	Global trade in goods to GDP ratio (%), 1990-2020
Figure 6-5	Export of goods of the developed and developing countries and their shares, 1948-2019
Figure 6-6	Global FDI flows, 1990-2020
Figure 7-1	China’s share in world GDP, 1990-2020
Figure 7-2	Changes in Export and Import Proportions of China’s Major Trade Partners in 1995 and 2020
Figure 7-3	Foreign Capital Actually Utilized by China, 1984-2020
Figure 7-4	China’s ODI Flows and Place in Global Ranking, 1990-2020
Figure 8-1	Chna’ s Ratio of disposable income per capita to GDP per capita (%), 2013-2020
Figure 8-2	Rato of Total logistics cost to GDP, 1991-2019: China, United States and Japan
Figure 8-3	Share of final consumption and capital formation in China’s GDP, 1978-2020
Figure 8-4	China’s trade value and its share in worl total, 1978-2020
Figure 9-1	Number of special management measures in the negative list for pilot free trade zones since 2013
Figure 11-1	Import of China, France, Germany, Japan and United States, 1978-2020
Figure 11-2	World Trade and GDP, 1999-2020
Figure 12-1	China’s trade in goods with countries involved in BRI, 2013-2020
Figure 12-2	Comparison between the two BRI summit forums
Figure 12-3	Number of China-Europe freight trains, 2013 – 2021H1
Figure 12-4	Shares of 3 regional parters in China’s foreign trade, 2013-2020

Tables

Table 3-1	Openness Rankings, 2008-2019: the 40 Most Open National Economies
Table 3-2	The 20 Most Open Economies, 2008 and 2019
Table 5-1	Multilateral trade negotiations in nine rounds
Table 6-1	Regulations on foreign shareholding ratio in financial industries of some major economies
Table 7-1	China’s Foreign Trade Growth and Global Share (%), 1982-2020
Table 11-1	China’s foreign trade
Table 12-1	Projects contracted with Chinese enterprises in countries involved in BRI, 2013-2020
A.1	World Openness Index, 2008-2019
A.2	A comparison between world openness ranks and other six major ranks 2017

Boxes

Box 1-1	Other concepts related to cross-border opening-up
Box 4-1	Global production network of Boeing and Apple
Box 4-2	Populist movements in history
Box 4-3	New development trends of global value chain
Box 4-4	Carbon border tariff of the United States and European Union
Box 4-5	Technologcial development promotes economic globalization
Box 5-1	Relevant terms of WTO
Box 5-2	Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
Box 5-3	RCEP: the Largest FTA in the World
Box 5-4	Regional Trade Arrangements and Multilateral Trading System
Box 8-1	Role of standards in international economic and trade cooperation
Box 8-2	On-the-border opening-up and behind-the-border opening-up
Box 8-3	Implementation of China’s Foreign Investment Law
Box 9-1	China’s first negative list for foreign investment access to domestic market
Box 9-2	China’s first license-certificate separation reform
Box 9-3	China’s first international trade single window
Box 9-4	China’s first risk prevention list
Box 9-5	Building the Hainan Free Trade Port
Box 10-1	China raises level of openness in trade in goods through free trade agreements
Box 10-2	China achieves new progress in service trade openness through free trade agreements
Box 10-3	China realizes new expansion of rule negotiation through free trade agreements
Box 10-4	China shares development opportunities and results with its free trade partners
Box 10-5	China-ASEAN Free Trade Area enriches consumer choices
Box 10-6	China actively participates in mechanism cooperation, such as G20 and APEC
Box 11-1	Global debut in China — State-of-the-art products at the CIIE
Box 11-2	Some investment cooperation agreements signed at the CIIE
Box 11-3	Country exhibition opens a new door to world culture
Box 11-4	Intangible heritage and time-honored brands highlight cultural integration at CIIE
Box 11-5	Creating opportunities for companies from countries involved in BRI to expand their market presence
Box 12-1	World Bank report: BRI Promotes Inclusive Global Growth
Box 12-2	Industrial new zone established in Sihanoukville, Cambodia
Box 12-3	Piraeus port: enabling Greece's economic growth
Box 12-4	Construction of western land-sea new corridor accelerates
Box 12-5	Mombasa-Nairobi Railway and the future of Kenya
Box 12-6	Cooperation among China, Italy and Brazil to provide sustainable source of clean energy
Box 12-7	Not cold again in Dushanbe’s winter